Electric pedal-assist bikes are becoming increasingly popular, and for good reason: they offer an ecological, practical, and enjoyable solution.
But before you hit the bike lanes, do you know which rules to follow to stay legal? Don’t worry, here is a complete guide explaining everything you need to know about electric bike regulations, so you can ride safely and with peace of mind.
At Ritmic, all our electric bikes are approved and comply with the European standard EN 15194 "Electrically power assisted cycles," with assistance limited to 25 km/h.
What is an electric bike according to the law?
French legislation has a precise definition of the electric pedal-assist bike (e-bike):
- Maximum motor power: 250 watts. This limit ensures the bike remains suitable for urban use and accessible to everyone.
- Electric assistance: must stop as soon as you reach 25 km/h or when you stop pedaling. This distinguishes the e-bike from an electric scooter.
- Activation: the motor can only engage when you pedal (no "fully electric" mode).
An electric bike that does not meet these criteria will be classified in another vehicle category, such as speed bikes, and subject to stricter regulations (registration, insurance, AM license).
Did you know? Modifying your e-bike to exceed legal criteria is considered tampering, a practice strictly prohibited by law. If checked, this could result in a fine of up to €30,000.
Mandatory and recommended equipment
To ride safely, your electric bike must be equipped with certain mandatory accessories:
- Brakes: they must be in perfect working order and respond immediately.
- Lighting: a white or yellow light at the front and a red light at the rear to be visible, especially at night or in bad weather.
- Reflectors: reflective devices at the front, rear, on the pedals and wheels, to ensure good visibility from all sides.
- Bell: audible from at least 50 meters, to signal your presence.
Helmet: mandatory or not?
In France, helmets are mandatory only for children under 12 years old, whether they are riders or passengers. However, it is strongly recommended for all cyclists, especially in dense urban areas where accident risks are higher. Wearing a certified helmet significantly reduces the risk of serious head injuries in case of a fall or collision.
Safety tip: Don’t hesitate to invest in mirrors and a sturdy lock to protect your bike, especially if you ride in urban areas.
Bike marking: a recent obligation
Since January 1, 2021, all bikes, including electric bikes, must be marked with a unique identifier at the time of purchase. This marking helps fight theft and facilitates the return of recovered bikes to their owners. The identifier is recorded in a national database accessible to law enforcement. If you buy a used bike, make sure it is properly registered and request to have the identifier transferred to your name.
Regulations related to speed and insurance
Speed limit
The maximum allowed speed for Pedelecs is 25 km/h. Exceeding this limit with a modified motor (unblocking practice) exposes you to severe penalties: fines, reclassification of the vehicle as a "moped," administrative obligations (registration, specific insurance), and possible confiscation.
Electric bike registration price
For electric bikes requiring registration (such as speed bikes or models of 500W and above), the registration cost is relatively affordable. In France, the price depends on the region and the number of fiscal horsepower, but it generally ranges between €11 and €15 for issuing a registration certificate. This amount includes management fees and regional taxes.
Electric bike registration certificate
If your electric bike requires registration, you must always have your registration certificate on hand when you travel. This official document, also called the "carte grise," certifies that your bike is registered in the national registration database. Failure to present it during a check can result in a fixed fine.
Regulations for electric bikes exceeding 250W or 25 km/h
Legislation for 45 km/h electric bikes (speed bikes)
Electric bikes that reach a maximum assisted speed of 45 km/h, called speed bikes, are subject to specific regulations in France. Unlike standard electric bikes (VAE), they are considered mopeds. This involves several legal obligations:
- Mandatory registration: A registration certificate must be obtained for these vehicles.
- Specific insurance: Liability insurance is mandatory.
- AM license required: If you do not have a B license or a motorcycle license, you must obtain the AM license.
- Wearing an approved helmet: Mandatory for riding, along with certified gloves.
These requirements aim to ensure the safe use of these more powerful vehicles, often used for suburban trips.
Regulations for electric bikes of 500W or more
An electric bike equipped with a motor power greater than 250W (for example 500W or 1000W) is no longer considered a standard electric bike. It also falls into the moped category, which involves regulations similar to those for speed bikes:
- Mandatory registration with the National Agency for Secure Documents (ANTS).
- Prohibition of riding on bike lanes: These vehicles must use lanes reserved for mopeds.
- Technical inspection: Although not yet mandatory in France for two-wheelers, this is under discussion for mopeds.
Warning! Using a 500W or 1000W electric bike not approved for road use exposes you to heavy penalties if checked.
Where can you ride an electric bike?
Bike lanes
Electric bikes are allowed on all bike lanes. In urban areas, they are often the best option for moving quickly and safely, away from motorized traffic. This also allows for a more pleasant and smoother experience.
Roads
E-bikes are allowed to ride on roads by keeping to the right to ensure their safety and that of other users while allowing smooth traffic flow. However, they are not allowed to ride on sidewalks, just like regular bikes.
Public transport
Want to combine train and electric bike? Know that SNCF allows the transport of standard-sized classic and electric bikes, but some conditions may apply (available space, peak hours, prior reservation). However, larger bikes like cargo or longtails are generally not accepted. On buses or trams, restrictions may vary by region.
In case of a check or accident: your rights and duties
Police checks
During a check, law enforcement may verify:
- The condition of mandatory equipment (brakes, lights, reflectors).
- The bike’s compliance (approval certificate if necessary).
- Your behavior on the road, especially respecting the traffic laws.
Make sure your bike is regularly maintained and complies with regulations to avoid any fines.
Responsibilities in case of an accident
Like any cyclist, you must obey the traffic laws. In case of an accident, your civil liability may be involved, especially if a pedestrian or another vehicle is involved. Civil liability insurance included in your home insurance contracts may be sufficient, but it is always useful to check the coverage included.
Conclusion
Now that you know the rules, you can ride peacefully on trails, roads, and public transport. Following regulations is not just about legality: it also ensures your safety and that of others.
Take the time to properly equip your bike and get familiar with possible routes. With a well-maintained electric bike used according to the laws, you can explore the world at your own pace, freely. And above all, stay alert: your safety is your priority!
So, hop on your electric bike to experience a two-wheeled adventure, with the wind in your hair and a light heart.
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