Electric-assist bikes are becoming increasingly popular, and for good reason: they offer a solution that is both eco-friendly, practical and enjoyable.
But before setting off on the cycle paths, do you know which rules to follow to stay within the law? Don’t worry, here is a complete guide explaining everything you need to know about electric bike regulations, so you can ride safely and with peace of mind.
At Ritmic, all our electric bikes are approved and comply with the European EN 15194 standard, "Cycles with electric assistance", with assistance limited to 25 km/h.
What is an electric bike under the law?
French legislation provides a precise definition of an electric-assist bike (VAE):
- Maximum motor power: 250 watts. This limit ensures that the bike remains suitable for urban use and accessible to everyone.
- Electric assistance: it must stop as soon as you reach 25 km/h or stop pedalling. This distinguishes an electric-assist bike from an electric scooter.
- Activation: the motor can only engage when you pedal (no "fully electric" mode).
An electric bike that does not meet these criteria will be classified in another vehicle category, such as speed bikes, and subject to stricter regulations (registration, insurance, AM licence).
Did you know? Modifying your electric bike so that it exceeds the legal criteria is considered tampering, a practice strictly prohibited by law. In the event of an inspection, this could result in a fine of up to €30,000.
Mandatory and recommended equipment
To ride safely, your electric bike must be equipped with certain mandatory accessories:
- Brakes: they must be in perfect working order and respond immediately.
- Lighting: a white or yellow light at the front and a red light at the rear to remain visible, especially at night or in poor weather.
- Reflectors: reflective devices at the front, rear, on the pedals and on the wheels, to ensure good visibility from all sides.
- Bell: audible from at least 50 metres away, to signal your presence.
Helmet: mandatory or not?
In France, helmets are mandatory only for children under 12, whether they are riding or passengers. However, helmets are still strongly recommended for all cyclists, particularly in densely populated urban areas, where the risk of accidents is higher. Wearing an approved helmet considerably reduces the risk of serious head injuries in the event of a fall or collision.
Safety tip: Consider investing in mirrors and a sturdy lock to protect your bike, especially when riding in urban areas.
Bicycle marking: a recent requirement
Since January 1, 2021, all bicycles, including electric bikes, must be marked with a unique identifier when purchased. This marking helps combat theft and facilitates the return of recovered bicycles to their owners. The identifier is recorded in a national database accessible to law enforcement. If you buy a used bike, make sure it is properly registered and ask to have the identifier transferred into your name.
Speed and insurance regulations
Speed limit
The maximum permitted speed for electric-assist bicycles is 25 km/h. Exceeding this limit with a modified motor (derestriction) can result in severe penalties: a fine, reclassification of the vehicle as a "moped," administrative requirements (registration and specific insurance), and possible confiscation.
Electric bike registration cost
For electric bikes requiring registration (such as speed bikes or models rated at 500W or more), the registration cost is relatively affordable. In France, the price depends on the region and the number of fiscal horsepower, but it generally ranges from €11 to €15 for issuing a registration certificate. This amount includes administrative fees and regional taxes.
Electric bike registration certificate
If your electric bike requires registration, you must always have your registration certificate with you when traveling. This official document, also called a "vehicle registration document," certifies that your bike is registered in the national vehicle registration database. Failure to present it during an inspection may result in a fixed fine.
Regulations for electric bicycles exceeding 250W or 25 km/h
Legislation for 45 km/h electric bicycles (speed bikes)
Electric bicycles that reach an assisted top speed of 45 km/h, known as speed bikes, are subject to specific regulations in France. Unlike standard electrically assisted bicycles (EABs), they are considered mopeds. This entails several legal requirements:
- Mandatory registration: A registration certificate must be obtained for these vehicles.
- Specific insurance: Third-party liability insurance is mandatory.
- AM license required: If you do not have a category B or motorcycle license, you will need to obtain an AM license.
- Approved helmet required: Mandatory for riding, along with certified gloves.
These requirements aim to ensure the safe use of these more powerful vehicles, which are often used for suburban journeys.
Regulations for electric bicycles rated at 500W or more
An electric bicycle equipped with a motor whose power exceeds 250W (for example 500W or 1000W) is no longer considered a standard electric bicycle. It also falls into the moped category, which entails regulations similar to those for speed bikes:
- Mandatory registration with the National Agency for Secure Documents (ANTS).
- Prohibited from using cycle paths: These vehicles must use lanes reserved for mopeds.
- Technical inspection: Although it is not yet mandatory in France for two-wheelers, this issue is under discussion for mopeds.
Warning! Using an unroad-approved 500W or 1000W electric bicycle exposes you to severe penalties if you are stopped for inspection.
Where can you ride an electric bicycle?
Cycle paths
Electric bicycles are permitted on all cycle paths. In urban areas, they are often the best option for getting around quickly and safely, away from motorized traffic. They also provide a more enjoyable and smoother riding experience.
Roads
E-bikes are allowed to ride on roads, keeping to the right to ensure their safety and that of other road users while allowing traffic to flow smoothly. However, like bicycles, they are not allowed to ride on sidewalks.
Public transport
Would you like to combine train travel with an electric bike? Be aware that SNCF allows the transportation of standard-sized conventional and electric bikes, but certain conditions may apply (available space, rush hours, advance reservation). However, larger bikes such as cargo bikes or longtails are generally not accepted. On buses and trams, restrictions may vary by region.
In the event of an inspection or accident: your rights and responsibilities
Police inspections
During an inspection, law enforcement officers may check:
- The condition of the required equipment (brakes, lights, reflectors).
- The bike's compliance (certificate of conformity, if necessary).
- Your behavior on the road, particularly compliance with the Highway Code.
Make sure your bike is regularly maintained and complies with regulations to avoid any fines.
Liability in the event of an accident
Like any cyclist, you are required to follow the Highway Code. In the event of an accident, you may be held civilly liable, particularly if a pedestrian or another vehicle is involved. Civil liability insurance included in your home insurance policies may be sufficient, but it is always useful to check the coverage included.
Conclusion
Now that you know the rules, you can ride with peace of mind on bike paths, roads, and public transport. Following the regulations is not just a matter of legality: it also ensures your safety and that of others.
Take the time to equip your bike properly and familiarize yourself with the possible routes. With a well-maintained electric bike used in accordance with the law, you can explore the world at your own pace, in complete freedom. Above all, stay alert: your safety is your priority!
So, hop on your electric bike and set off on a two-wheeled adventure, with the wind in your hair and a carefree spirit.
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